Factors Affecting Childhood Vaccination in a Selected Barangay of Agusan Del Norte, Caraga Region: Basis for Program Enhancement

Childhood vaccination remains essential for preventing serious diseases, yet incomplete immunization persists in many rural communities. This study examined demographic, behavioral, financial, decision-making, cultural, and religious factors affecting childhood vaccination in Barangay Maningalao, Las Nieves, Agusan del Norte, a rural locality. The study used a quantitative descriptive-correlational cross-sectional design. Total enumeration included 110 mothers of children aged zero to five years. Data were gathered through a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, and logistic regression. Most respondents were aged 25–34, married, low-income, and high school graduates. Fully vaccinated children comprised 79.1%, while 20.9% were partially vaccinated. Geographic location and socio-economic status were related to predetermined factors, while educational background was related to vaccination status. No predetermined factor independently predicted vaccination status overall within the community. The community demonstrated favorable perceptions, attitudes, and vaccination-related behaviors, with no unvaccinated children identified. However, partial vaccination remained evident. Geographic, economic, and educational differences influenced implementation and vaccination outcomes, while the combined predetermined factors did not independently explain childhood vaccination status after adjustment in the final multivariate logistic regression analysis. The study recommends intensified follow-up for partially vaccinated children, purok-based outreach, flexible vaccination schedules, simplified educational materials, and targeted support for low-income households. Barangay health workers should strengthen reminders, vaccination-card monitoring, catch-up sessions, and household visits. Future studies should further examine additional service-related and healthcare-system factors influencing vaccination completion locally.