Prevalence of Common Causes of Emergency Room Consultations in a Primary Hospital in Bay, Laguna

Primary hospitals in Laguna routinely face overcrowded ERs, yet concrete data on patient presentations remain scarce. We analyzed 5,619 ER encounters from a single primary hospital's records spanning January 2024 to December 2025, extracting demographics, clinical categories, temporal patterns, and dispositions. Adults comprised the bulk (69.0%), with slight female predominance (52.5%). Medical (40.0%) and trauma (26.0%) cases accounted for two-thirds of visits, with UTI (15.0%), multiple abrasions/contusions (12.0%), and pneumonia (10.0%) as top diagnoses. An April peak emerged, while night shifts correlated with higher trauma and mortality. Most patients were discharged (64.0%), though 26.0% required admission. Chi-square tests confirmed age, sex, and location significantly shaped consultation patterns (p < 0.001). These findings highlight a dual medical-trauma burden weighted toward preventable illnesses, arguing for proactive staffing adjustments and targeted community prevention programs.